ABSTRACT Objectives: This review discusses deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) diagnosis and surgery using current urological knowledge and technologies. Materials and Methods: Narrative review of deep infiltrating endometriosis that result in urological issues. We examined manuscripts from Pubmed, Embase, and Scielo’s database using the following MeSH terms: (‘endometriosis’) AND (‘urology’ OR ‘urological’ OR ‘urologist’) AND (‘bladder’ OR’vesical’) AND (‘ureteral’ OR ‘ureter’). Selection followed PRISMA guidelines. Sample images from our records were brought to endorse the findings. Results: Thirty four related articles were chosen from 105. DIE may affect the urinary system in 52.6% of patients. Lower urinary tract symptoms may require urodynamic examination. Ultrasonography offers strong statistical yields for detecting urinary tract lesions or distortions, but magnetic resonance will confirm the diagnosis. Cystoscopy can detect active lesions, although any macroscopic visual appeal is pathognomonic. Endourology is utilized intraoperatively for bladder and ureteral assessment, however transurethral endoscopic excision of bladder lesions had higher recurrence rates. Laparoscopy is the route of choice for treatment; partial cystectomy, and bladder shaving were the most prevalent surgical treatments for bladder endometriosis. Regarding the ureteral treatment, the simple ureterolysis and complex reconstructive techniques were described in most papers. Using anatomical landmarks or neuronavigation, pelvic surgical systematization allows intraoperative neural structure identification. Conclusions: DIE in the urinary system is common, however the number of publications with high level of evidence is limited. The initial tools for diagnosis are ultrasonography and cystoscopy, but magnetic resonance is the most reliable tool. When the patient has voiding symptoms, the urodynamic examination is crucial. Laparoscopy improves lesion detection and anatomical understanding. This approach must be carried out by professionals with high expertise, since the surgery goes beyond the resection of lesions and includes the preservation of nerve structures and urinary tract reconstruction techniques.

Resumo Relatar um caso de um paciente portador de Oftalmia Simpática (OS), com descolamento seroso da retina documentado através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio spectral (SD OCT), indocianina verde (ICG) e angiofluoreceinografia (AGF), que o diagnóstico foi realizado em uma consulta de rotina e iniciado tratamento clínico .

Abstract To report the case of a patient with sympathetic ophthalmia (OS), with serous detachment of retinal documented by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), indocyanine green (ICG) and angiofluorecephography (AGF). The diagnosis was made in a routine consultation and clinical treatment was initiated.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as alterações pós-operatórias na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em pacientes com buracos maculares submetidos à vitrectomia via pars-plana associada à remoção de membrana limitante interna. Métodos: Foram estudados 22 olhos de 20 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados com buraco macular. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à vitrectomia via pars-plana e remoção de membrana limitante interna corada com azul brilhante. A espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em região peripapilar foi determinada por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral antes e 2 meses após a cirurgia. As espessuras totais e espessuras setoriais da camada de fibras nervosas da retina foram obtidas para cada paciente. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que não existe diferença estatisticamente significativa (p≥0,05) entre as medidas pré e pós-operatórias em relação a cada uma das variáveis. Conclusão: Este estudo não demonstrou diminuição significativa nas medidas da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas após a cirurgia de buraco macular, independente da faixa etária ou sexo.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare postoperative changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with macular holes treated with vitrectomy with Brilliant Blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 20 patients with macular holes were studied. Each eye was selected to undergo Brilliant Blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. The circumferential retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was determined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Mean overall and sectoral retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were obtained for each patient. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p≥0.05) between the pre- and post-treatment measurements in relation to each CFN variable, i.e., on average, pre-treatment measures were the same as post-treatment measures. Furthermore, despite the differences between the pre- and post-treatment measures always being positive (pre-post >0), they are not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed no significant decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements after macular holes surgery, regardless of age or sex.

Resumo Os discursos que concebem as prostitutas como vítimas são tensionados, por elas, pela recorrente afirmação de suas autonomias. A pesquisa aqui apresentada se deu a partir de imersão na Zona Boêmia da Rua Guaicurus, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, e de entrevistas com oito mulheres prostitutas. Apresentamos alguns mecanismos psicossociais que impedem o acesso das prostitutas ao circuito instituído de reconhecimento social, analisando a associação desses mecanismos com experiências de enfrentamento e resistência a dinâmicas de desqualificação social. As narrativas das prostitutas entrevistadas nos dão pistas de que suas trajetórias se constroem entre sujeição e resistência à sujeição, heteronomia e afirmação de autonomia. A ambiguidade das dinâmicas sociais lhes permite interpelar os efeitos destrutivos da subalternidade e, como efeito disso, elas disseminam no tecido social outros saberes sobre suas condições de vida.

Abstract The discourses that conceive prostitutes as victims are strained by them by through the recurrent affirmation of their autonomies. The research presented here came from immersion in the Bohemian Zone of Guaicurus Street, in the city of Belo Horizonte, and from interviews with eight female prostitutes. We present some psychosocial mechanisms that prevent the access of prostitutes to the established circuit of social recognition, analyzing the association of these mechanisms with experiences of coping and resistance to dynamics of social disqualification. The narratives of the interviewed prostitutes give us clues that their trajectories are built between subjection and resistance to subjection, heteronomy and affirmation of autonomy. The ambiguity of social dynamics allows them to question the destructive effects of subalternity and, as a result, they disseminate in the social fabric other knowledge about their living conditions.

Resumen Los discursos que conciben a las prostitutas como víctimas son tensados por ellas por la demandante afirmación de sus autonomías. La investigación aquí presentada se dio a partir de inmersión en la Zona Bohemia de la calle Guaicurus, en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, y de entrevistas con ocho mujeres prostitutas. Presentamos algunos mecanismos psicosociales que impiden el acceso de las prostitutas al circuito instituido de reconocimiento social, analizando la asociación de esos mecanismos con experiencias de enfrentamiento y resistencia a dinámicas de descalificación social. Las narrativas de las prostitutas entrevistadas nos dan pistas de que sus trayectorias se construyen entre sujeción y resistencia a la sujeción, heteronomía y afirmación de autonomía. La ambigüedad de las dinámicas sociales les permite interpelar los efectos destructivos de la subalternidad y, como efecto, diseminan en el tejido social otros saberes sobre sus condiciones de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a associação entre taxa de sucesso de nefrolitotripsia percutânea, escore de Guy e tamanho do cálculo. Métodos: foram avaliados 100 pacientes submetidos à nefrolitotripsia percutânea. Todos os cálculos foram classificados de acordo com o escore de Guy. Consideramos o paciente livre de cálculos quando os fragmentos residuais fossem menores ou iguais a 2mm. Resultados: de acordo com o escore de Guy, 54% tinham escore 1 (Grupo 1), 18% escore 2 (Grupo 2), 15% escore 3 (Grupo 3) e 13% escore 4 (Grupo 4) . Houve resolução de 77,77% no grupo 1, de 27,77% no grupo 2, de 26,6% no grupo 3 e de 7,69% no grupo 4. Houve significância estatística para predição de taxa livre de cálculos entre os pacientes com escore de Guy 1 quando avaliados de acordo com o tamanho do cálculo. Entre os grupos 2, 3 e 4 não houve significância estatística, porém observamos tendência de que quanto maior o tamanho do cálculo, maior a chance de cálculo residual. Conclusão: a nefrolitometria pelo Escore de Guy e o tamanho do cálculo são preditores isolados para avaliação de sucesso da nefrolitotripsia percutânea. O tamanho do cálculo pode influenciar a taxa de sucesso de pacientes com Escore de Guy 1.

ABSTRACT Objective : to verify the association of success rate of percutaneous lithotripsy, Guy score and size of the stone. Methods: one hundred patients submitted to percutaneous nephrolithotripsy were evaluated. All stones were classified according to Guy Score. Patient free of stone was considered when residual fragments were ≤2mm. Results: according to guy Score, 54% were score 1 (Group 1), 18% score 2 (Group 2), 15% score 3 (Group 3), and 13% score 4 (Group 4). Success was observed in 77.77% in Group 1, 27.77% in group 2, 26.6% in Group 3, and 7.69% in Group 4. In patients with Guy score 1, there was statistical significance of prediction of free stone rate when evaluated according to the size of the stone. Among groups 2, 3 and 4 there was no statistical significance, but it was observed a trend in relation to stone size, the bigger the higher the chance of residual fragments. Conclusion: nephrolithometry by Guy Score and size of the stone are single predictors of success of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Stone size may influence success rate of patients with Guy Score 1.

RESUMO: O artigo estima o custo fiscal de um aumento da taxa básica de juros da economia considerando não apenas os efeitos diretos sobre a remuneração dos títulos indexados à SELIC, mas também os efeitos indiretos que incidem sobre: (i) a remuneração dos títulos públicos indexados ao câmbio e à inflação; e (ii) o estoque da dívida líquida do setor público, através do ajuste patrimonial das reservas internacionais. As projeções se baseiam na estimação da relação entre taxa básica de juros, taxa de câmbio e inflação a partir de um modelo de vetores autorregressivos. Conclui-se que os efeitos indiretos têm impacto indeterminado sobre a taxa de juros implícita da dívida pública quando não se considera o ajuste no valor das reservas internacionais ocasionado pelo impacto da SELIC na taxa de câmbio. A inclusão desse efeito patrimonial pode amplificar substancialmente o custo fiscal de uma política monetária restritiva, indicando a necessidade de uma maior articulação entre as políticas monetária, fiscal e cambial no Brasil.

ABSTRACT: The paper estimates the fiscal cost of an increase in the Brazilian policy interest rate - the SELIC - by considering not only the direct effect on the yield of public bonds that are indexed to the SELIC, but also indirect effects on: (i) the yield of public bonds that are indexed to the exchange rate and inflation, and (ii) the stock of public net debt through adjustments in the value of international reserves measured in domestic currency. Projections are based on the estimation of the relationship between interest rates, exchange rates and inflation by means of a vector auto-regression. We conclude that the inclusion of such indirect effects has an ambiguous effect on the response of the implicit interest rate on public net debt to shocks in the SELIC, when adjustments in the value of international reserves are not considered. However, the inclusion of the latter amplifies the fiscal cost of a more restrictive monetary policy. These results call for a better coordination between monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies in Brazil.

The recent debt crisis in Greece, Ireland and Portugal has exposed the fragility existing in the Eurozone for promoting development and economic convergence between the countries that have adopted the currency. Way beyond the fear of insolvency, what is observed is a growing disparity of the most-developed countries in comparison to the less-developed ones, with perverse consequences for the last ones. Once the nominal exchange rates are fixed, the divergent movements in relative prices and wages between the countries have led to totally distinct paths for the real exchange rates. Worsening the scenario, one can observe the incompleteness of the political union, the monetarist focus of the ECB and the lack of labor mobility between the countries, what distances from the argument stated by the theory and puts in jeopardize the future of the Monetary Union.

Non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma of the spermatic cord are rare. There is the registration of 14 (fourteen) cases of spermatic cord lymphoma in the literature, all treated with radical orchiectomy with or without radiotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy still is not a consensus, therefore the therapy must be individualized and applied according to the stage of the disease. The present study report a new case of primary non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma of the spermatic cord treated with radical orchiectomy through inguinal via with precocious ligature of the spermatic cord and adjuvant chemotherapy. Presently found with 2 and a half years of follow-up without recidivation clinical evidence, as the image exams show to be normal.